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How fast or slow are you aging? Inside your cells, chemical tags are being added and removed, subtly shifting which genes speak up and which fall quiet. Scientists call them epigenetic marks, and they’ve inspired what could be one of the most important tools in geroscience: biological age clocks.

But are they actually measuring aging - or just tracing its shadows?

Sara Hägg from Karolinska Institutet has spent years dissecting the biology of aging through population-scale data. Her lab studies DNA methylation and other molecular markers to build and refine biological age clocks - from large proteomic and metabolomic datasets to new efforts developing organ-specific models.

In this episode, she explains the logic behind each kind of clock - epigenetic, proteomic, metabolomic, even MRI-based - and what they measure. We also talk about why Sweden still lags behind in geroscience, what makes a biomarker trustworthy enough for the clinic, and how her work on female aging could close one of the biggest data gaps in the field.

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